Warning to Expats in Spain: The Dangers of Pine Processionary Caterpillars

As the winter months transition into spring, a significant threat to both humans and pets has emerged in various regions of Spain, particularly in the southern areas. The Pine Processionary Caterpillar, known locally as "procesionaria del pino," has begun its annual migration, posing severe risks to the health and safety of residents and their animals.

Early Emergence Due to Climate Change

Traditionally, these caterpillars would leave their nests in the spring when temperatures rise. However, due to milder winters caused by climate change, they are now emerging earlier. In the Vega Baja region, the first sightings were reported as early as December in the Orihuela mountain range[1].

Health Risks to Humans and Pets

The Pine Processionary Caterpillar is feared for its toxic hairs, which can cause severe allergic reactions in both humans and animals. These hairs can lead to skin rashes, eye inflammation, and respiratory problems if touched or inhaled. For dogs, the consequences can be fatal if they come into contact with the hairs, as they may ingest them while licking their paws or mouths. Symptoms in dogs include small white spots in the mouth and on the tongue, excessive drooling, and vomiting. In severe cases, partial amputation of the tongue may be necessary[3].

Regional Efforts to Combat the Infestation

The regional government in Murcia has launched a comprehensive plan to combat the pine processionary caterpillar. This initiative includes spraying insecticides in affected areas, manual removal of caterpillar nests, and the use of environmentally friendly solutions such as installing bird nests and bat shelters to encourage natural predators. These treatments have been effective in reducing the infestation in areas like Calasparra, Mula, Bullas, and Lorca[2].

Areas of High Risk

Residents in areas with high concentrations of pine trees, such as the Costa Blanca and Murcia, are advised to be cautious. The caterpillars form white silken nests on pine trees, which become visible from December to March. As they leave these nests, they move in long, snake-like processions, increasing the risk of contact with humans and pets[3].

Safety Advice

To avoid the risks associated with these caterpillars, residents are advised to steer clear of areas with visible nests or caterpillars, especially on sunny or windy days when the hairs are more likely to spread. It is crucial to report any sightings to local authorities to help manage the infestations effectively. Under no circumstances should individuals attempt to handle the caterpillars or their nests, as this can lead to severe allergic reactions[2][3].

Impact on Local Ecosystems

While the damage to pine trees caused by the caterpillars' defoliation is generally not critical for healthy trees, it can become problematic when combined with other factors like drought. This can further harm the pine trees and disrupt the local ecosystem[1].

As the season progresses, it is essential for expats and locals alike to be aware of the presence and dangers of the Pine Processionary Caterpillar. By taking the necessary precautions and supporting regional efforts to control the infestation, we can mitigate the risks and ensure a safer environment for everyone.