Significant Changes in Low Emission Zones and Urban Policies in Spain for 2025

As the new year begins, several significant changes are set to impact the daily lives of residents and visitors in major Spanish cities, particularly in Barcelona and Madrid. These changes are part of broader efforts to combat climate change, reduce pollution, and promote sustainable living.

Barcelona's Ban on Gas Heaters

Starting January 1, 2025, Barcelona has implemented a definitive ban on the use of gas heaters on the terraces of bars and restaurants. This measure is part of a by-law on terraces approved in 2018, aimed at reducing CO₂ emissions. Establishments can instead use electric heaters with a power potential of 150 W/m² between November 1 and April 30. The installation of gas heaters from this date may result in fines, as the city council has been working with businesses to phase out these heaters gradually[1].

Madrid's Low Emission Zone Adjustments

In Madrid, residents with vehicles lacking the necessary environmental labels will receive a grace period in 2025. The city council has announced that no fines will be issued to local drivers violating the Low Emission Zone (ZBE) rules during this year. Instead, non-compliant vehicle owners will receive informational notices explaining the rules they breached and guidance on compliance. This transitional period aims to ease the transition to stricter emission standards outlined in the Sustainable Mobility Ordinance. However, starting in 2026, fines will be enforced for vehicles failing to meet ZBE regulations[2].

Tax and Budget Changes in Barcelona

Barcelona has approved new tax by-laws for 2025, focusing on increased taxes on tourism and a general freeze on taxes for most citizens. The property tax (IBI) for hotels and premises in the hospitality sector with high cadastral values will increase. Additionally, there will be a rise in the tourism surcharge and admission prices at popular attractions like Park Güell. New regulations are also in place for parking tourist coaches, including higher fees and limited spaces to reduce the impact on the city[3].

Innovative Energy Solutions in Barcelona

Barcelona is pioneering an innovative energy project using its metro system to charge electric vehicles. The MetroCharge project harnesses energy generated by the regenerative brakes of metro trains and redirects it to power EV charging points at street level. This initiative not only helps in reducing energy costs but also contributes to the city's efforts in combating climate change. The project includes solar panels and aims to make the city's public transportation greener[4].

Overtourism Measures in Barcelona

Barcelona continues to address the issue of overtourism with several measures. The city council has announced a plan to eliminate tourist flat licences by 2028, which has been met with both support and criticism. The tourist tax has been increased to a maximum of €4 per person, and there are plans to double ticket prices to popular attractions like Park Güell. The city is also taking steps to reduce the number of tourist buses and coaches, aiming to bring down the annual number from 156,000 to 70,000 in 2025[5].

These changes reflect a broader commitment by Spanish cities to environmental sustainability, reduced pollution, and a more balanced approach to tourism and urban living. As 2025 unfolds, residents and visitors alike will need to adapt to these new regulations and initiatives aimed at creating a cleaner, more sustainable future.