Outbreaks of Infectious Diseases in Spain: A Growing Concern for Expats

In recent weeks, Spain has witnessed a surge in outbreaks of various infectious diseases, prompting significant public health concerns, particularly for expatriate communities.

Mpox Outbreak in the EU/EEA

One of the notable health issues is the ongoing mpox (monkeypox) outbreak. As of February 12, 2025, a total of 23,882 confirmed cases of mpox have been reported from 29 EU/EEA countries, with Spain being one of the most affected, reporting 8,513 cases[1].

In the latest update, 124 mpox cases were reported from 18 EU/EEA countries between January 14 and February 12, 2025. Spain, although not among the top reporters in this period, has seen a cumulative impact with three new cases reported during this time frame. The primary mode of transmission remains sexual contact among men who have sex with men[1].

Rising STI Cases

Another pressing health concern is the significant increase in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) across Europe. In 2023, there was a marked rise in reported cases of syphilis and gonorrhoea, with nearly 100,000 confirmed cases of gonorrhoea reported in EU/EEA countries, representing a 31% increase from 2022 and a staggering 300% increase from 2014[1].

This surge affects various demographics, including men who have sex with men and heterosexual men and women. The highest rates among women were observed in the 20 to 24 age group, with a steep 46% increase in 2023. These trends underscore the urgent need for increased public awareness, prevention, testing, and treatment efforts[1].

Measles Outbreaks

Measles activity has also been high in the EU/EEA over the last 12 months. While some countries have reported large and ongoing outbreaks, others have seen no sustained or very low transmission. In 2024, 20 measles-related deaths were reported, with 19 in Romania and one in Ireland. In 2025, two measles-related deaths have been reported in Romania, and new cases continue to emerge in several EU countries, including Spain[1].

Respiratory Virus Activity

The current winter season has seen intense respiratory virus activity in the EU/EEA, driven by co-circulating influenza A(H1)pdm09, A(H3), and B/Vic viruses, as well as a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemic. Hospital admissions due to influenza and RSV remain elevated, particularly affecting children under five years old and older adults. This has put significant pressure on healthcare systems, especially in areas with limited capacity[1].

Public Health Response

Given these challenges, public health authorities are urging immediate action. Vaccination against influenza, COVID-19, and RSV is highly recommended, especially for those at higher risk of severe outcomes and healthcare workers. Infection prevention and control practices in healthcare settings are also being emphasized to mitigate the impact of these outbreaks[1].

For expats in Spain, it is crucial to stay informed about these health issues and follow local health guidelines. Regular testing, vaccination, and adherence to public health recommendations can help in preventing the spread of these diseases and ensuring the well-being of the community.