Domestic Adoptions in Spain See a Decline Despite Regional Variations

In a trend that reflects broader societal and economic changes, the number of domestic adoptions in Spain has seen a decline in recent years, despite some regional variations that highlight ongoing interest in adoption.

National Trends

In 2022, the number of children adopted domestically in Spain dropped to 681, marking a continuation of a fluctuating but generally downward trend. This figure is significantly lower than the 770 domestic adoptions recorded in 2013 and even below the lowest point of 525 adoptions in 2014[1].

Regional Differences

While the national numbers paint a picture of decline, certain regions in Spain are bucking this trend. Andalusia, for instance, has consistently shown a higher number of domestic adoptions. In 2021, Andalusia recorded the highest number of domestic adoptions with 132 cases[1].

International Adoptions

In contrast to domestic adoptions, international adoptions in Spain have also seen a decline but remain a significant aspect of the adoption landscape. In 2022, there were 179 international adoptions, with Catalonia leading the way with 56 cases. This is a notable drop from the peak in certificates of suitability for international adoption issued in 2013, which stood at almost 2,300. However, Catalonia remains a hub for international adoptions, with many couples and individuals seeking to adopt from abroad[1].

Factors Influencing Adoption Rates

Several factors contribute to the declining adoption rates in Spain. One significant aspect is the increasing reliance on reproductive medicine. With advancements in fertility treatments, more couples are turning to assisted reproduction to start their families. In Spain, one in ten children are now born through assisted reproduction treatments, a trend that is expected to continue growing due to factors such as delayed childbearing and the availability of advanced fertility options[2].

Government and Social Support

The Spanish government and various social organizations continue to support adoption processes, but the decline suggests a need for further initiatives to encourage and facilitate domestic adoptions. The issuance of certificates of suitability for adoption, which has been decreasing, is a critical step in the adoption process, and efforts to streamline this process could help reverse the current trend.

Emotional and Psychological Aspects

The decision to adopt is often deeply personal and emotionally charged. Psychologists note that the start of a new year often prompts individuals and couples to reassess their life goals, including starting a family. This psychological factor could potentially drive more people to consider adoption in the coming years, especially if supported by adequate resources and social services[2].

Conclusion

While the decline in domestic adoptions in Spain is a concerning trend, it is clear that there are still many individuals and families interested in adoption. By understanding the regional variations and the broader societal factors at play, it is possible to develop targeted strategies to support and encourage adoption. As Spain continues to navigate its demographic and social changes, addressing the needs of prospective adoptive families will be crucial in ensuring that children find stable and loving homes.